- [Using products in GCP to back up resources](#using-products-in-gcp-to-back-up-resources)
  - [Overview](#overview)
  - [Using GCP products to back up resources](#using-gcp-products-to-back-up-resources)
    - [GKE (Kubernetes Engine)](#gke-kubernetes-engine)
    - [Compute Engine instances](#compute-engine-instances)
    - [BigQuery](#bigquery)
    - [Cloud Firestore](#cloud-firestore)
    - [Cloud DNS](#cloud-dns)
    - [Cloud Storage buckets](#cloud-storage-buckets)
    - [Service Account and IAM](#service-account-and-iam)
  - [Conclusion](#conclusion)
  - [References](#references)
    - [备份策略建议:](#备份策略建议)
    - [GKE (Google Kubernetes Engine):](#gke-google-kubernetes-engine)
    - [Instances (包括 Nginx 和 Squid):](#instances-包括-nginx-和-squid)
    - [BigQuery:](#bigquery-1)
    - [Firestore:](#firestore)
    - [Firewall 和 Cloud DNS:](#firewall-和-cloud-dns)
    - [Buckets 和 Buckets Policy:](#buckets-和-buckets-policy)
    - [Service Account 和 IAM:](#service-account-和-iam)

# Using products in GCP to back up resources

## Overview

In this article, we'll discuss how to use GCP products to back up resources, including GKE clusters, Compute Engine instances, BigQuery, Cloud Firestore, Cloud DNS, Cloud Storage buckets, and Service Account and IAM. We'll also discuss backup strategies and considerations for each product.

## Using GCP products to back up resources

Backing up resources in GCP can be a complex and challenging task. Here are some considerations and strategies for each product:

### GKE (Kubernetes Engine)

To back up GKE clusters and workloads, you can use Kubernetes' built-in backup and restore functionality, such as `kubectl` commands or third-party tools like Velero or Heptio Ark. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for GKE:

* **Backup strategy:** Use Kubernetes' built-in backup and restore functionality, such as `kubectl` commands or third-party tools like Velero or Heptio Ark.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Cluster configuration (e.g., `kubectl get cluster -o yaml`)
	+ Deployments, ReplicaSets, and Pods (e.g., `kubectl get deployments -o yaml`)
	+ Persistent Volumes (PVs) and StatefulSets (e.g., `kubectl get pv -o yaml`)
	+ ConfigMaps and Secrets (e.g., `kubectl get cm -o yaml` and `kubectl get secrets -o yaml`)

### Compute Engine instances

To back up Compute Engine instances, you can create a snapshot or an image of the instance, and then export the instance configuration. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for Compute Engine instances:

* **Backup strategy:** Create a snapshot or an image of the instance, and then export the instance configuration using `gcloud compute instances describe INSTANCE --flatten=""` or `gcloud compute instances export-image`.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Instance configuration (e.g., `gcloud compute instances describe INSTANCE --flatten=""`)
	+ Application data and configuration (e.g., Nginx, Squid, etc.)

### BigQuery

To back up BigQuery tables, you can use BigQuery's export functionality to export tables as CSV or Avro format. You can also use the `bq` command line tool to backup data set metadata. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for BigQuery:

* **Backup strategy:** Use BigQuery's export functionality to export tables as CSV or Avro format, and use the `bq` command line tool to backup data set metadata.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Table data (e.g., `bq extract`)
	+ Data set metadata (e.g., `bq show`)


### Cloud Firestore

To back up Cloud Firestore data, you can use the export functionality to export data to a Cloud Storage bucket. You can also use the `gcloud firestore export` command or third-party tools like Firestore Backup and Restore. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for Cloud Firestore:

* **Backup strategy:** Use the export functionality to export data to a Cloud Storage bucket, and use the `gcloud firestore export` command or third-party tools like Firestore Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Firestore data (e.g., `gcloud firestore export`)

### Cloud DNS

To back up Cloud DNS records, you can export the managed zone configuration and DNS record configuration. You can also use the `gcloud dns record-sets export` command to export DNS records. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for Cloud DNS:

* **Backup strategy:** Use the `gcloud dns managed-zones describe` and `gcloud dns record-sets export` commands to export the managed zone configuration and DNS record configuration.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Managed zone configuration (e.g., `gcloud dns managed-zones describe`)
	+ DNS record configuration (e.g., `gcloud dns record-sets export`)
	+ gcloud dns responsepolicy export
    - export json 
    ```bash
    - format the output of gcloud dns response-policies rules list command
    - `gcloud dns response-policies rules list --format=json | jq '.[] | {dnsName: .dnsName, kind: "dns#responsePolicyRule", localData: {localDatas: [{kind: "dns#resourceRecordSet", name: .dnsName, rrdatas: [.rrdatas[0]], ttl: 300, type: "A"}]}, ruleName: .ruleName}'`
    - `gcloud dns response-policies rules create $ruleName --response-policy=$your_response_policy_name --dns-name=$dnsName --local-data=name="$dnsName",type="A",ttl=300,rrdatas="$rrdatas" --project $project_id`
    ```
     - using export json to create dns response policy record
    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    your_response_policy_name=lex-policy-name
    project_id=my-project
    echo $your_response_policy_name
    echo $project_id
    cat dns-responsePolicyRule.json | jq -r '.[] | .dnsName + " " + .ruleName + " " + .localData.localDatas[0].rrdatas[0]'| while read -r dnsName ruleName rrdatas; do
    gcloud dns response-policies rules create $ruleName --response-policy=$your_response_policy_name --dns-name=$dnsName --local-data=name="$dnsName",type="A",ttl=300,rrdatas="$rrdatas" --project $project_id
    done
    ```

### Cloud Storage buckets

To back up Cloud Storage buckets, you can enable object versioning and perform cross-region replication. You can also use the `gsutil` or `gcloud storage` command line tools to backup and restore data. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for Cloud Storage buckets:

* **Backup strategy:** Enable object versioning and perform cross-region replication, and use the `gsutil` or `gcloud storage` command line tools to backup and restore data.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Object versioning (e.g., `gsutil versioning`)
	+ Cross-region replication (e.g., `gsutil cp -r gs://bucket1 gs://bucket2`)
	+ Bucket policies and lifecycle rules (e.g., `gcloud storage buckets get-iam-policy` and `gcloud storage lifecycle-rules list`)

### Service Account and IAM

To back up Service Account and IAM policies, you can use GCP's built-in IAM policy export functionality, such as `gcloud iam policies export` or third-party tools like IAM Policy Backup and Restore. Here are some backup considerations and strategies for Service Account and IAM:

* **Backup strategy:** Use GCP's built-in IAM policy export functionality, such as `gcloud iam policies export` or third-party tools like IAM Policy Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Service account keys (e.g., JSON key files)
	+ IAM policies (e.g., `gcloud iam policies list`)
	+ Roles and permissions (e.g., `gcloud iam roles list` and `gcloud iam permissions list`)


## Conclusion

In this article, we discussed how to use GCP products to back up resources, including GKE clusters, Compute Engine instances, BigQuery, Cloud Firestore, Cloud DNS, Cloud Storage buckets, and Service Account and IAM. We also discussed backup strategies and considerations for each product.

By backing up resources in GCP, you can recover from disasters and ensure data availability and security. GCP provides a range of backup and restore options, and you can choose the right backup strategy for your needs. Remember to always test your backup plan before implementing it in production.

## References

* [Using products in GCP to back up resources](https://cloud.google.com/solutions/using-products-in-gcp-to-back-up-resources)
* [Backup and restore in GCP](https://cloud.google.com/solutions/backup-and-restore-in-gcp)
* [Backup and restore for GKE clusters](https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/backup-restore)
* [Backup and restore for Compute Engine instances](https://cloud.google.com/compute/docs/disks/scheduled-snapshots)
* [Backup and restore for BigQuery](https://cloud.google.com/bigquery/docs/exporting-data)
* [Backup and restore for Cloud Firestore](https://cloud.google.com/firestore/docs/export-import)
* [Backup and restore for Cloud DNS](https://cloud.google.com/dns/docs/export-import)
* [Backup and restore for Cloud Storage buckets](https://cloud.google.com/storage/docs/using-bucket-lock)
* [Backup and restore for Service Account and IAM](https://cloud.google.com/iam/docs/managing-backup-restore)


我是一GCP上面的深度用户，我的使用产品如下
GKE 
instances 主机包括 有Nginx squid 配置一些的相关配置
Big query 
Firestore 
Firewall 
Cloud dns 
Buckets && buckets policy 
Service account && iam 

GCP 使用产品信息,以下是一个详细的备份列表和策略建议:

1. **GKE 集群和工作负载**:
   - 使用 `gcloud container clusters get-credentials` 获取集群凭据
   - 导出集群配置: `kubectl cluster-info dump`
   - 备份 Kubernetes 资源对象(Deployments、Services,network policies 等): `kubectl get --all-namespaces -o=yaml --export=true > resources.yaml`
   - 备份持久化数据(如需要)
   - * **What to backup:**
	+ Cluster configuration (e.g., `kubectl get cluster -o yaml`)
	+ Deployments, ReplicaSets, and Pods (e.g., `kubectl get deployments -o yaml`)
	+ Persistent Volumes (PVs) and StatefulSets (e.g., `kubectl get pv -o yaml`)
	+ ConfigMaps and Secrets (e.g., `kubectl get cm -o yaml` and `kubectl get secrets -o yaml`)

2. **Compute Engine 实例**:
   - 为实例创建镜像或快照
   - 导出实例配置: `gcloud compute instances describe INSTANCE --flatten=""`
   - 备份实例上的应用数据和配置文件(如 Nginx、Squid 等)
   - GitHub and Bucket sync (if applicable)

3. **BigQuery**:
   - 使用 BigQuery 导出功能将表导出为 CSV 或 Avro 格式
   - 使用 `bq` 命令行工具备份数据集元数据
   - 需要罗列备份的工程和数据集来进行备份
     - 一些View表的SQL语句备份

4. **Cloud Firestore**:
   - 使用 Firestore 导出导入功能导出数据
     - Backup to bucket using `gcloud firestore export` or third-party tools like Firestore Backup and Restore.
   - 定期备份应用数据并存储在 Cloud Storage

5. **Cloud Firewall 规则**:
   - 导出防火墙规则配置: 
   - `gcloud compute firewall-rules list --format="csv(name,network,direction,priority,sourceRanges.list(),destinationRanges.list(),allowed.list(),denied.list(),disabled,sourceTags.list(),sourceServiceAccounts.list(),targetTags.list(),targetServiceAccounts.list())" > firewall-rules.csv`
   - 定期备份防火墙规则配置 ?
   - 备份防火墙规则配置的频率和备份位置?
6. **Cloud DNS**:
   - 导出托管区域配置: `gcloud dns managed-zones describe ZONE --flatten="dnsName,description,dnssec-state"`
   - 导出 DNS 记录配置: `gcloud dns record-sets export --zone=ZONE`
   - 特别是需要注意备份 dns response policy record
     - export dns response policy record
     - export json 
    ```bash
    - format the output of gcloud dns response-policies rules list command
    - `gcloud dns response-policies rules list --format=json | jq '.[] | {dnsName: .dnsName, kind: "dns#responsePolicyRule", localData: {localDatas: [{kind: "dns#resourceRecordSet", name: .dnsName, rrdatas: [.rrdatas[0]], ttl: 300, type: "A"}]}, ruleName: .ruleName}'`
    - `gcloud dns response-policies rules create $ruleName --response-policy=$your_response_policy_name --dns-name=$dnsName --local-data=name="$dnsName",type="A",ttl=300,rrdatas="$rrdatas" --project $project_id`
    ```
     - using export json to create dns response policy record
    ```bash
    #!/bin/bash
    your_response_policy_name=lex-policy-name
    project_id=my-project
    echo $your_response_policy_name
    echo $project_id
    cat dns-responsePolicyRule.json | jq -r '.[] | .dnsName + " " + .ruleName + " " + .localData.localDatas[0].rrdatas[0]'| while read -r dnsName ruleName rrdatas; do
    gcloud dns response-policies rules create $ruleName --response-policy=$your_response_policy_name --dns-name=$dnsName --local-data=name="$dnsName",type="A",ttl=300,rrdatas="$rrdatas" --project $project_id
    done
    ```

7. **Cloud Storage Buckets**:
   - 启用对象版本控制
   - 对存储桶进行跨区域复制
   - 使用 `gsutil or gcloud storage` 命令行工具进行 备份和恢复数据. 如果要提升效率使用 gcloud storage bucket command. 
   - 导出存储桶策略配置: `gcloud store buckets get-iam-policy BUCKET_NAME --format=json`
   - 导出lifecycle policy配置: `gcloud storage lifecycle-rules list --bucket=BUCKET_NAME --format=json`

8. **Service Account 和 IAM**:
   - 导出项目级别和组织级别的 IAM 策略
     - `gcloud projects get-iam-policy PROJECT_ID --format=json > project_iam_policy.json`
   - 备份 Service Account 密钥文件
     - `gcloud iam service-accounts keys create KEY_FILE --iam-account=SERVICE_ACCOUNT_EMAIL`
   - 是否需要备份账户的role bindings?
   - * **Backup strategy:** Use GCP's built-in IAM policy export functionality, such as `gcloud iam policies export` or third-party tools like IAM Policy Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Service account keys (e.g., JSON key files)
	+ IAM policies (e.g., `gcloud iam policies list`)
	+ Roles and permissions (e.g., `gcloud iam roles list` and `gcloud iam permissions list`)

1. **配置和策略**:
   - 备份 Deployment Manager 模板和 jinja2 模板
   - 导出 VPC 网络和其他资源的配置

2.  **监控和日志**:
    - 导出 Cloud Monitoring 指标描述
    - 导出 Cloud Logging 日志条目和指标


### 备份策略建议:
1. **自动化备份**: 尽可能自动化备份过程，减少人为错误和漏洞。
2. **多地点备份**: 将备份数据存储在多个地点，以防止单点故障。
3. **定期测试**: 定期测试备份数据的恢复过程，确保备份是可靠的。


总的来说,对于配置、应用数据和持久化数据,采取完整的备份策略是非常重要的。建议根据实际需求和数据重要性制定备份计划,并定期进行测试,以确保备份可以正常恢复。同时也要考虑备份的存储、可用性和安全性。备份可以存储在另一个 GCP 项目或其他云提供商的存储服务中,以提高可用性和隔离性。​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​


As a heavy GCP user, it's great that you're thinking about backing up your resources! Here's a detailed list of backup considerations and strategies for each of the GCP products you mentioned:

**1. GKE (Kubernetes Engine)**

* **Backup strategy:** Use Kubernetes' built-in backup and restore functionality, such as `kubectl` commands or third-party tools like Velero or Heptio Ark.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Cluster configuration (e.g., `kubectl get cluster -o yaml`)
	+ Deployments, ReplicaSets, and Pods (e.g., `kubectl get deployments -o yaml`)
	+ Persistent Volumes (PVs) and StatefulSets (e.g., `kubectl get pv -o yaml`)
	+ ConfigMaps and Secrets (e.g., `kubectl get cm -o yaml` and `kubectl get secrets -o yaml`)

**2. Instances (Compute Engine)**

* **Backup strategy:** Use Compute Engine's built-in snapshot feature or third-party tools like CloudRanger or N2WS.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Instance metadata (e.g., instance type, zone, and network settings)
	+ Disk snapshots (e.g., system disk, data disks)
	+ Nginx and Squid configurations (e.g., configuration files, logs)

**3. BigQuery**

* **Backup strategy:** Use BigQuery's built-in data backup and restore functionality, such as `bq` commands or third-party tools like BigQuery Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Datasets and tables (e.g., `bq ls --datasets` and `bq ls --tables`)
	+ Table schemas and data (e.g., `bq show --schema` and `bq extract`)

**4. Firestore**

* **Backup strategy:** Use Firestore's built-in data export functionality, such as `gcloud firestore export` or third-party tools like Firestore Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Firestore databases and collections (e.g., `gcloud firestore databases list` and `gcloud firestore collections list`)
	+ Document data (e.g., `gcloud firestore export`)

**5. Firewall Rules**

* **Backup strategy:** Use GCP's built-in firewall rule export functionality, such as `gcloud compute firewall-rules export` or third-party tools like Firewall Rule Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Firewall rules (e.g., `gcloud compute firewall-rules list`)

**6. Cloud DNS**

* **Backup strategy:** Use Cloud DNS's built-in zone file export functionality, such as `gcloud dns record-sets export` or third-party tools like Cloud DNS Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ DNS zones and record sets (e.g., `gcloud dns zones list` and `gcloud dns record-sets list`)

**7. Buckets and Bucket Policies**

* **Backup strategy:** Use Cloud Storage's built-in bucket and object backup functionality, such as `gsutil` commands or third-party tools like Cloud Storage Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Bucket metadata (e.g., bucket name, location, and storage class)
	+ Bucket policies (e.g., IAM policies, bucket ACLs)
	+ Object data (e.g., files, folders)

**8. Service Accounts and IAM**

* **Backup strategy:** Use GCP's built-in IAM policy export functionality, such as `gcloud iam policies export` or third-party tools like IAM Policy Backup and Restore.
* **What to backup:**
	+ Service account keys (e.g., JSON key files)
	+ IAM policies (e.g., `gcloud iam policies list`)
	+ Roles and permissions (e.g., `gcloud iam roles list` and `gcloud iam permissions list`)

**Additional considerations:**

* **Versioning:** Consider enabling versioning for your backups to keep a history of changes.
* **Retention:** Determine how long you want to retain your backups and set a retention policy accordingly.
* **Storage:** Choose a suitable storage location for your backups, such as Cloud Storage or an external storage service.
* **Automation:** Automate your backups using GCP's built-in scheduling features or third-party tools like Cloud Scheduler or Apache Airflow.
* **Testing:** Regularly test your backups to ensure they are complete and can be restored successfully.

Remember to review and update your backup strategy regularly to ensure it aligns with your evolving GCP usage and requirements.



针对你列出的产品和服务，以下是一些备份策略和备份列表的建议：

### GKE (Google Kubernetes Engine):
1. **应用程序和数据**: 定期备份部署的应用程序和相关数据。这可能包括容器镜像、持久卷数据等。
2. **配置**: 定期备份 Kubernetes 配置，如部署文件、服务配置等。
3. **ETCD 数据**: 对于 GKE 集群的备份，务必备份 ETCD 数据。ETCD 存储了集群的状态和配置信息。

### Instances (包括 Nginx 和 Squid):
1. **数据**: 对于 Nginx 和 Squid 实例，备份相关的配置文件、日志以及任何其他必要的数据。
2. **系统配置**: 备份服务器上的系统配置，包括软件包列表、用户账户和权限等。

### BigQuery:
1. **数据集和表**: 定期备份 BigQuery 中的数据集和表，以及其结构和模式。
2. **查询历史**: 对于重要的查询历史记录，考虑将其备份或导出到其他位置。

### Firestore:
1. **数据库**: 定期备份 Firestore 数据库。你可以使用 Firestore 的自动备份功能，也可以编写脚本定期导出数据。

### Firewall 和 Cloud DNS:
1. **规则配置**: 备份防火墙规则配置和 Cloud DNS 配置，以确保在需要时能够快速恢复。

### Buckets 和 Buckets Policy:
1. **对象数据**: 定期备份存储桶中的对象数据，包括重要的文件和资料。
2. **存储桶策略**: 备份存储桶的访问策略和权限设置。

### Service Account 和 IAM:
1. **权限配置**: 定期备份 Service Account 和 IAM 角色的配置和权限设置，确保在需要时能够还原到先前的状态。






Sources
[1] Network Policy for Google Cloud Storage · Issue #28 - GitHub https://github.com/GoogleCloudPlatform/gke-network-policy-demo/issues/28
[2] Automatically created firewall rules | Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/concepts/firewall-rules
[3] gcp firewall settings for individual storage browser - Stack Overflow https://stackoverflow.com/questions/58823978/gcp-firewall-settings-for-individual-storage-browser
[4] Best practice rules for Google Cloud Platform - Trend Micro https://www.trendmicro.com/cloudoneconformity-staging/knowledge-base/gcp/
[5] Selectively enforce firewall policies in GKE - Google Cloud https://cloud.google.com/kubernetes-engine/docs/how-to/tags-firewall-policies