Agent-Skills.md

Agent Skills: EAA Compliance

Use when auditing digital products or services for European Accessibility Act (EAA) compliance, checking EN 301 549 conformance, or advising on EU Web Accessibility Directive obligations.

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skills/enterprise/eaa-compliance/SKILL.md

Skill Metadata

Name
eaa-compliance
Description
Use when auditing digital products or services for European Accessibility Act (EAA) compliance, checking EN 301 549 conformance, or advising on EU Web Accessibility Directive obligations.

EAA Compliance

Overview

Guides compliance with the European Accessibility Act (EU Directive 2019/882) and the underlying technical standard EN 301 549. Covers scope, deadlines, exemptions, and enforcement across EU member states.

Instructions

When conducting an EAA/EN 301 549 compliance review:

  1. Determine which law applies:

    • Web Accessibility Directive (WAD) — public sector websites and mobile apps (already in force since 2020/2021)
    • European Accessibility Act (EAA) — private sector products and services (enforced from 28 June 2025)

  2. Identify if the product/service is in scope (see Products and Services section)

  3. Evaluate against EN 301 549 v3.2.1, which incorporates WCAG 2.1 AA for web content (Clause 9) and extends to:

    • Non-web documents (Clause 10)
    • Non-web software / mobile apps (Clause 11)
    • Hardware and self-service terminals (Clause 12-13)

  4. Check exemptions — microenterprises, disproportionate burden, fundamental alteration

  5. Provide remediation guidance with reference to specific EN 301 549 clauses

  6. Recommend accessibility statement — required under both WAD and EAA

Products and Services in Scope (EAA)

Products

  • Computers and operating systems
  • Smartphones and tablets
  • TV equipment and related services
  • E-readers
  • Self-service terminals (ATMs, ticket machines, check-in kiosks, payment terminals)
  • Consumer telecommunication equipment

Services

  • E-commerce websites and mobile apps
  • Banking services (online and ATMs)
  • E-books and dedicated software
  • Audiovisual media services
  • Transport services (websites, apps, ticketing, real-time travel info)
  • Telephony and messaging services

EN 301 549 Structure

| Clause | Scope | Key Requirements | |---|---|---| | 5 | Generic requirements | Closed functionality, biometrics, preservation of accessibility | | 6 | ICT with two-way voice communication | Real-time text (RTT), caller ID, video communication | | 7 | ICT with video capabilities | Captions, audio description, player controls | | 8 | Hardware | Physical dimensions, connections, keypads, biometrics | | 9 | Web content | WCAG 2.1 Level AA (all success criteria) | | 10 | Non-web documents | WCAG 2.1 AA applied to documents (PDFs, Word, spreadsheets) | | 11 | Non-web software | WCAG 2.1 AA adapted for native apps and desktop software | | 12 | Documentation and support | Accessible docs, help desk, support services | | 13 | ICT providing relay or emergency services | Relay services, 112 emergency access |

Who Must Comply

| Law | Sector | Scope | |---|---|---| | Web Accessibility Directive (2016/2102) | Public sector | All EU public sector websites and mobile apps | | European Accessibility Act (2019/882) | Private + public | Manufacturers, service providers, importers, distributors offering in-scope products/services in EU |

Territorial reach: Any organization offering in-scope services to EU consumers, regardless of where the organization is headquartered.

Deadlines

| Obligation | Date | |---|---| | WAD — Public sector websites | 23 September 2020 | | WAD — Public sector mobile apps | 23 June 2021 | | EAA — All in-scope products and services | 28 June 2025 | | EAA — Products placed on market before June 2025 | Grace period until 28 June 2030 | | EN 301 549 v4.1.1 (planned, includes WCAG 2.2) | Expected 2026 |

Exemptions

  • Microenterprises — fewer than 10 employees AND annual turnover ≤ €2 million (EAA only)
  • Disproportionate burden — documented assessment required; does not exempt from all requirements
  • Fundamental alteration — compliance would change the nature of the product/service
  • Third-party content — not funded, developed, or controlled by the economic operator
  • Archived content — not updated after 28 June 2025

Penalties

Enforcement is per member state. Examples:

| Country | Penalty | |---|---| | General range | Up to €500,000 in fines | | Some states | Product removal from market | | At least one state | Criminal penalties possible |

Penalties must be "effective, proportionate, and dissuasive."

Presumption of Conformity

Products/services conforming to harmonised European standards (notably EN 301 549) benefit from a "presumption of conformity" — they are presumed to meet EAA requirements without further proof.

Accessibility Statement

Both WAD and EAA require publishing an accessibility statement that includes:

  • Scope of content covered
  • Standard used (EN 301 549)
  • Level of conformance achieved
  • Known limitations with rationale
  • Contact mechanism for reporting barriers
  • Link to enforcement procedure

Examples

Example: E-commerce Audit

Input: "Our online store sells to EU customers, what do we need?"

Response approach:

  1. Confirm the store is in scope (e-commerce service)
  2. Check for microenterprise exemption
  3. Audit website against EN 301 549 Clause 9 (= WCAG 2.1 AA)
  4. Audit mobile app against Clause 11 if applicable
  5. Check self-service terminals (kiosks) against Clause 8 if applicable
  6. Verify accessibility statement is published

Example: SaaS Product

Input: "We're a US company with EU customers, does EAA apply?"

Response approach:

  1. Yes — EAA applies to any organization offering in-scope services to EU consumers
  2. Determine which product/service categories apply
  3. Audit against EN 301 549 (not just WCAG)
  4. Note that EN 301 549 covers software (Clause 11), not just web content

Guidelines

  • Always determine WAD vs EAA applicability first — different obligations and history
  • Reference EN 301 549 clause numbers, not just WCAG criteria, when reporting issues
  • EN 301 549 is broader than WCAG — covers hardware, RTT, biometrics, documentation
  • Note that EN 301 549 v4.1.1 (expected 2026) will incorporate WCAG 2.2
  • Microenterprise exemption applies only to EAA, not to WAD
  • Never recommend overlay widgets as a compliance solution

References

  • European Accessibility Act: https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies/justice-and-fundamental-rights/disability/european-accessibility-act-eaa_en
  • EN 301 549 v3.2.1 (PDF): https://www.etsi.org/deliver/etsi_en/301500_301599/301549/03.02.01_60/en_301549v030201p.pdf
  • Web Accessibility Directive: https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/web-accessibility
  • WCAG 2.1: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21/