Scientific Writing
Core skill for producing research manuscripts, evidence-based articles, and publication-quality scientific content with rigorous standards.
Triggers
- User asks to write a research-style article
- User needs IMRAD-structured content
- User wants to write for a scientific audience
- User is drafting content requiring citations and methodology
- User needs to follow reporting guidelines (CONSORT, STROBE, PRISMA)
Two-Stage Writing Process
Stage 1: Outline with Research
- Create section outlines with bullet points
- Use pubmed-database skill for literature gathering
- Identify key citations for each point
- Structure evidence hierarchy
Stage 2: Convert to Prose
Critical: Always write in full paragraphs with flowing prose. Never submit bullet points in the final manuscript.
IMRAD Structure
| Section | Purpose | Key Elements | |---------|---------|--------------| | Introduction | Why this matters | Background, gap, objective | | Methods | What you did | Design, population, analysis | | Results | What you found | Data, statistics, figures | | Discussion | What it means | Interpretation, limitations, implications |
Reporting Guidelines
For Different Study Types
| Study Type | Guideline | Checklist Items | |------------|-----------|-----------------| | RCTs | CONSORT | Randomization, blinding, flow diagram | | Observational | STROBE | Selection, bias assessment, confounders | | Systematic reviews | PRISMA | Search strategy, screening, synthesis | | Diagnostic studies | STARD | Index test, reference standard, flow | | Case reports | CARE | Timeline, diagnostic reasoning, outcomes |
Citation Standards
Supported Styles
- AMA - Medical journals (JAMA, NEJM)
- Vancouver - Numbered citations
- APA - Psychology, behavioral science
- Nature - Superscript numbered
- IEEE - Engineering/technical
Citation Best Practices
- Cite primary sources, not reviews (unless reviewing)
- Include DOI when available
- Verify accuracy with citation-management skill
- Prefer recent publications (<5 years) when current evidence exists
- Include seminal papers for historical context
Field-Specific Conventions
Cardiology/Medicine
- Report confidence intervals, not just p-values
- Include NNT/NNH for clinical relevance
- Use GRADE for evidence quality
- Specify intention-to-treat vs per-protocol
- Report absolute and relative risk
Statistical Reporting
- Mean (SD) for normal distributions
- Median (IQR) for skewed data
- HR with 95% CI for survival analysis
- OR/RR with 95% CI for binary outcomes
- Specify statistical tests used
Common Rejection Reasons (Avoid These)
- Inadequate statistical descriptions - Always specify tests, assumptions, software
- Over-interpretation of results - Stay within what data supports
- Poorly described methods - Replicability is essential
- Missing reporting checklist items - Use appropriate guidelines
- Weak literature contextualization - Show how work fits existing knowledge
Quality Checklist
Before finalizing scientific content:
- [ ] All claims have citations
- [ ] Statistics include effect sizes and CIs
- [ ] Methods are replicable
- [ ] Limitations acknowledged
- [ ] Conclusions match evidence strength
- [ ] No AI tells or promotional language