Contents
- Query Enforcement
- Quick Reference: Table Names
- Connection
- Critical Filters
- Parameterized Queries
- Additional Resources
WRDS Data Access
WRDS (Wharton Research Data Services) provides academic research data via PostgreSQL at wrds-pgdata.wharton.upenn.edu:9737.
Query Enforcement
IRON LAW: NO QUERY WITHOUT FILTER VALIDATION FIRST
Before executing ANY WRDS query, you MUST:
- IDENTIFY what filters are required for this dataset
- VALIDATE the query includes those filters
- VERIFY parameterized queries (never string formatting)
- EXECUTE the query
- INSPECT a sample of results before claiming success
This is not negotiable. Claiming query success without sample inspection is LYING to the user about data quality.
Rationalization Table - STOP If You Think:
| Excuse | Reality | Do Instead | |--------|---------|------------| | "I'll add filters later" | You'll forget and pull bad data | Add filters NOW, before execution | | "User didn't specify filters" | Standard filters are ALWAYS required | Apply Critical Filters section defaults | | "Just a quick test query" | Test queries with bad filters teach bad patterns | Use production filters even for tests | | "I'll let the user filter in pandas" | Pulling millions of unnecessary rows wastes time/memory | Filter at database level FIRST | | "The query worked, so it's correct" | Query success ≠ data quality | INSPECT sample for invalid records | | "I can use f-strings for simple queries" | SQL injection risk + wrong type handling | ALWAYS use parameterized queries |
Red Flags - STOP Immediately If You Think:
- "Let me run this query quickly to see what's there" → NO. Check Critical Filters section first.
- "I'll just pull everything and filter later" → NO. Database-level filtering is mandatory.
- "The table name is obvious from the request" → NO. Check Quick Reference section for exact names.
- "I can inspect the data after the user sees it" → NO. Sample inspection BEFORE claiming success.
Query Validation Checklist
Before EVERY query execution:
For Compustat queries (comp.funda, comp.fundq):
- [ ] Includes
indfmt = 'INDL' - [ ] Includes
datafmt = 'STD' - [ ] Includes
popsrc = 'D' - [ ] Includes
consol = 'C' - [ ] Uses parameterized queries for variables
- [ ] Date range is explicitly specified
For CRSP v2 queries (crsp.dsf_v2, crsp.msf_v2):
- [ ] Post-query filter:
sharetype == 'NS' - [ ] Post-query filter:
securitytype == 'EQTY' - [ ] Post-query filter:
securitysubtype == 'COM' - [ ] Post-query filter:
usincflg == 'Y' - [ ] Post-query filter:
issuertype.isin(['ACOR', 'CORP']) - [ ] Uses parameterized queries
For Form 4 queries (tr_insiders.table1):
- [ ] Transaction type filter specified (acqdisp)
- [ ] Transaction codes specified (trancode)
- [ ] Date range is explicitly specified
- [ ] Uses parameterized queries
For ALL queries:
- [ ] Sample inspection with
.head()or.sample()BEFORE claiming success - [ ] Row count verification (is result size reasonable?)
- [ ] NULL value check on critical columns
- [ ] Date range validation (does min/max match expectations?)
Quick Reference: Table Names
| Dataset | Schema | Key Tables |
|---------|--------|------------|
| Compustat | comp | company, funda, fundq, secd |
| ExecuComp | comp_execucomp | anncomp |
| CRSP | crsp | dsf, msf, stocknames, ccmxpf_linkhist |
| CRSP v2 | crsp | dsf_v2, msf_v2, stocknames_v2 |
| Form 4 Insiders | tr_insiders | table1, header, company |
| ISS Incentive Lab | iss_incentive_lab | comppeer, sumcomp, participantfy |
| Capital IQ | ciq | wrds_compensation |
| IBES | tr_ibes | det_epsus, statsum_epsus |
| SEC EDGAR | wrdssec | wrds_forms, wciklink_cusip |
| SEC Search | wrds_sec_search | filing_view, registrant |
| EDGAR | edgar | filings, filing_docs |
| Fama-French | ff | factors_monthly, factors_daily |
| LSEG/Datastream | tr_ds | ds2constmth, ds2indexlist |
Connection
Initialize PostgreSQL connection to WRDS:
import psycopg2
conn = psycopg2.connect(
host='wrds-pgdata.wharton.upenn.edu',
port=9737,
database='wrds',
sslmode='require'
# Credentials from ~/.pgpass
)
Configure authentication via ~/.pgpass with chmod 600:
wrds-pgdata.wharton.upenn.edu:9737:wrds:USERNAME:PASSWORD
Connect via SSH tunnel:
ssh wrds
This uses ~/.ssh/wrds_rsa for authentication.
Critical Filters
Compustat Standard Filters
Always include for clean fundamental data:
WHERE indfmt = 'INDL'
AND datafmt = 'STD'
AND popsrc = 'D'
AND consol = 'C'
CRSP v2 Common Stock Filter
Equivalent to legacy shrcd IN (10, 11):
df = df.loc[
(df.sharetype == 'NS') &
(df.securitytype == 'EQTY') &
(df.securitysubtype == 'COM') &
(df.usincflg == 'Y') &
(df.issuertype.isin(['ACOR', 'CORP']))
]
Form 4 Transaction Types
WHERE acqdisp = 'D' -- Dispositions
AND trancode IN ('S', 'D', 'G', 'F') -- Sales, Dispositions, Gifts, Tax
Parameterized Queries
Always use parameterized queries (never string formatting):
Use scalar parameter binding for single values:
cursor.execute("""
SELECT gvkey, conm FROM comp.company WHERE gvkey = %s
""", (gvkey,))
Use ANY() for list parameters:
cursor.execute("""
SELECT * FROM comp.funda WHERE gvkey = ANY(%s)
""", (gvkey_list,))
Additional Resources
Reference Files
Detailed query patterns and table documentation:
references/compustat.md- Compustat tables, ExecuComp, financial variablesreferences/crsp.md- CRSP stock data, CCM linking, v2 formatreferences/insider-form4.md- Thomson Reuters Form 4, rolecodes, insider typesreferences/iss-compensation.md- ISS Incentive Lab, peer companies, compensationreferences/edgar.md- SEC EDGAR filings, URL construction, DCN vs accession numbersreferences/connection.md- Connection pooling, caching, error handling
Example Files
Working code from real projects:
examples/form4_disposals.py- Insider trading analysis (from SVB project)examples/wrds_connector.py- Connection pooling pattern
Scripts
scripts/test_connection.py- Validate WRDS connectivity
Local Sample Notebooks
WRDS-provided samples at ~/resources/wrds-code-samples/:
ResearchApps/CCM2025.ipynb- Modern CRSP-Compustat mergeResearchApps/ff3_crspCIZ.ipynb- Fama-French factor constructioncomp/sas/execcomp_ceo_screen.sas- ExecuComp patterns
Date Awareness
When querying historical data, leverage current date context for dynamic range calculations.
Current date is automatically available via datetime.now(). Apply this to:
- Data range validation (e.g., "get data for last 5 years")
- Fiscal year calculations
- Event study windows
Implement dynamic date ranges in queries:
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
# Query last 5 years of data
end_date = datetime.now()
start_date = end_date - timedelta(days=5*365)
query = """
SELECT * FROM comp.funda
WHERE datadate BETWEEN %s AND %s
"""
df = pd.read_sql(query, conn, params=(start_date, end_date))
Always incorporate current date awareness in date-dependent queries to ensure results remain fresh across time.