NestJS Database Standards
Priority: P0 (FOUNDATIONAL)
Selection Strategy
See references/persistence_strategy.md for database selection matrix and scaling patterns (Connection Pooling, Sharding).
Patterns
- Repository Pattern: Isolate database logic.
- TypeORM: Inject
@InjectRepository(Entity). - Prisma: Create comprehensive
PrismaService. - Abstraction: Services should call Repositories, not raw SQL queries.
Configuration (TypeORM)
- Async Loading: Always use
TypeOrmModule.forRootAsyncto load secrets fromConfigService. - Sync: Set
synchronize: falsein production; use migrations instead.
Migrations
- Never use
synchronize: truein production. - Generation: Whenever TypeORM entity (
.entity.ts) modified, migration MUST generated usingpnpm migration:generate. - Audit: Always inspect generated migration file to ensure it matches entity changes before applying.
- Production Strategies:
- CI/CD Integration (Recommended): Run
pnpm migration:runin pre-deploy or post-deploy job (e.g., GitHub Actions, GitLab CI). Ensure production environment variables correctly set. - Manual SQL (For restricted DB access): Use
typeorm migration:showto get SQL or simply copyupmethod's SQL into management tool (like Supabase SQL Editor). Always track manual runs inmigrationsmetadata table. - Zero-Downtime: Use Expand-Contract pattern (Add -> Backfill -> Drop) for destructive changes.
- Seeding: Use factories for dev data; only static dicts for prod.
Best Practices
- Pagination: Mandatory. Use limit/offset or cursor-based pagination.
- Indexing: Define indexes in code (decorators/schema) for frequently filtered columns (
where,order by). - Transactions: Use
QueryRunner(TypeORM) or$transaction(Prisma) for all multi-step mutations to ensure atomicity.
Anti-Patterns
- No synchronize in production: Use explicit migrations;
synchronize: truedrops and recreates columns. - No raw entity returns from services: Map to DTOs before leaving service layer.
- No unpaginated list queries: All list endpoints must implement limit/offset or cursor pagination.