Azure Key Vault CSI Driver Skill
Overview
This skill provides guidance for integrating Azure Key Vault with Kubernetes using the Secrets Store CSI Driver. All sensitive data in the Hypera clusters is stored in Azure Key Vault and accessed via the CSI driver.
Quick Reference
Environment Configuration
| Cluster | Key Vault | Managed Identity (Client ID) | Tenant ID |
|---------|-----------|------------------------------|-----------|
| cafehyna-dev | kv-cafehyna-dev-hlg | f1a14a8f-6d38-40a0-a935-3cdd91a25f47 | 3f7a3df4-f85b-4ca8-98d0-08b1034e6567 |
| cafehyna-hub | kv-cafehyna-default | f1a14a8f-6d38-40a0-a935-3cdd91a25f47 | 3f7a3df4-f85b-4ca8-98d0-08b1034e6567 |
| cafehyna-prd | kv-cafehyna-prd | f1a14a8f-6d38-40a0-a935-3cdd91a25f47 | 3f7a3df4-f85b-4ca8-98d0-08b1034e6567 |
| painelclientes-dev | painel-clientes-hml | Check cluster identity | 3f7a3df4-f85b-4ca8-98d0-08b1034e6567 |
| painelclientes-prd | painel-clientes-prd | Check cluster identity | 3f7a3df4-f85b-4ca8-98d0-08b1034e6567 |
SecretProviderClass Template
apiVersion: secrets-store.csi.x-k8s.io/v1
kind: SecretProviderClass
metadata:
name: <app>-secrets
namespace: <namespace>
labels:
app.kubernetes.io/name: <app>
app.kubernetes.io/component: secrets
spec:
provider: azure
parameters:
usePodIdentity: "false"
useVMManagedIdentity: "true"
userAssignedIdentityID: "<managed-identity-client-id>"
keyvaultName: "<keyvault-name>"
cloudName: "AzurePublicCloud"
tenantId: "<tenant-id>"
objects: |
array:
- |
objectName: "<secret-name-in-keyvault>"
objectType: "secret"
objectAlias: "<ALIAS_FOR_MOUNT>"
# Optional: Sync to Kubernetes Secret
secretObjects:
- secretName: <k8s-secret-name>
type: Opaque
data:
- objectName: "<ALIAS_FOR_MOUNT>"
key: "<key-in-k8s-secret>"
Pod Volume Mount
spec:
containers:
- name: app
volumeMounts:
- name: secrets-store
mountPath: "/mnt/secrets-store"
readOnly: true
volumes:
- name: secrets-store
csi:
driver: secrets-store.csi.k8s.io
readOnly: true
volumeAttributes:
secretProviderClass: "<secretproviderclass-name>"
Common Patterns
Pattern 1: Simple API Token (e.g., Cloudflare)
apiVersion: secrets-store.csi.x-k8s.io/v1
kind: SecretProviderClass
metadata:
name: cloudflare-api-token-kv
namespace: external-dns
spec:
provider: azure
secretObjects:
- data:
- key: cloudflare_api_token
objectName: cloudflare-api-token
secretName: cloudflare-api-token
type: Opaque
parameters:
usePodIdentity: "false"
useVMManagedIdentity: "true"
userAssignedIdentityID: "f1a14a8f-6d38-40a0-a935-3cdd91a25f47"
keyvaultName: "kv-cafehyna-dev-hlg"
objects: |
array:
- |
objectName: cloudflare-api-token
objectType: secret
tenantId: "3f7a3df4-f85b-4ca8-98d0-08b1034e6567"
Pattern 2: Multiple Secrets to Multiple K8s Secrets
apiVersion: secrets-store.csi.x-k8s.io/v1
kind: SecretProviderClass
metadata:
name: app-secrets
spec:
provider: azure
parameters:
usePodIdentity: "false"
useVMManagedIdentity: "true"
userAssignedIdentityID: "<identity>"
keyvaultName: "<keyvault>"
tenantId: "<tenant>"
objects: |
array:
- |
objectName: "app-db-password"
objectType: "secret"
objectAlias: "DB_PASSWORD"
- |
objectName: "app-redis-password"
objectType: "secret"
objectAlias: "REDIS_PASSWORD"
secretObjects:
- secretName: app-db-secret
type: Opaque
data:
- objectName: "DB_PASSWORD"
key: "password"
- secretName: app-redis-secret
type: Opaque
data:
- objectName: "REDIS_PASSWORD"
key: "password"
Pattern 3: TLS Certificate
apiVersion: secrets-store.csi.x-k8s.io/v1
kind: SecretProviderClass
metadata:
name: tls-cert-provider
spec:
provider: azure
secretObjects:
- secretName: tls-secret
type: kubernetes.io/tls
data:
- objectName: tls-cert
key: tls.crt
- objectName: tls-key
key: tls.key
parameters:
usePodIdentity: "false"
useVMManagedIdentity: "true"
userAssignedIdentityID: "<identity>"
keyvaultName: "<keyvault>"
tenantId: "<tenant>"
objects: |
array:
- |
objectName: my-certificate
objectType: cert
objectAlias: tls-cert
- |
objectName: my-certificate
objectType: secret
objectAlias: tls-key
File Locations
SecretProviderClass files are stored in:
argo-cd-helm-values/kube-addons/<application>/<cluster>/secretproviderclass.yaml
Examples:
argo-cd-helm-values/kube-addons/defectdojo/cafehyna-dev/secretproviderclass.yamlargo-cd-helm-values/kube-addons/external-dns/cafehyna-dev/secretproviderclass.yamlargo-cd-helm-values/kube-addons/cert-manager/cafehyna-dev/csi-cloudflare-api-key.yaml
Troubleshooting
Error: 403 Forbidden
Cause: Managed identity lacks Key Vault permissions.
Solution:
# Get identity info from error message, then:
az keyvault set-policy \
--name "<keyvault-name>" \
--object-id "<object-id-from-error>" \
--secret-permissions get list
# Or for RBAC-enabled Key Vaults:
az role assignment create \
--role "Key Vault Secrets User" \
--assignee-object-id "<object-id>" \
--assignee-principal-type ServicePrincipal \
--scope "/subscriptions/.../Microsoft.KeyVault/vaults/<kv-name>"
Error: Secret Not Found
Cause: Secret name doesn't exist or case mismatch.
Solution:
# List secrets (names are case-sensitive)
az keyvault secret list --vault-name "<kv-name>" --query "[].name" -o tsv
Error: K8s Secret Not Created
Cause: No pod has mounted the CSI volume yet.
Solution: Deploy a pod that mounts the volume. K8s secrets are only created when at least one pod uses the SecretProviderClass.
Error: Pod Stuck in ContainerCreating
Diagnostic:
kubectl describe pod <pod-name> -n <namespace>
kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep secrets-store
kubectl logs -n kube-system -l app=secrets-store-provider-azure
Scripts
Grant Key Vault Permissions
# Use the helper script
./scripts/grant-keyvault-permissions.sh
# Or quick manual command
az keyvault set-policy \
--name "kv-cafehyna-dev-hlg" \
--object-id "<object-id>" \
--secret-permissions get list
Create Secret in Key Vault
az keyvault secret set \
--vault-name "kv-cafehyna-dev-hlg" \
--name "my-app-secret" \
--value "secret-value"
List All SecretProviderClasses
kubectl get secretproviderclass -A
Check CSI Driver Status
kubectl get pods -n kube-system | grep secrets-store
Important Notes
-
CSI Volume Required: Even if using
secretObjectsto sync to K8s secrets, the pod MUST mount the CSI volume. -
Secret Names: Key Vault secret names are case-sensitive. Use exact match.
-
Object Alias: Use
objectAliasfor filesystem-safe names when mounting. -
Namespace Scope: SecretProviderClass is namespace-scoped. Create one per namespace that needs it.
-
RBAC vs Access Policies: Check Key Vault authorization model:
az keyvault show --name "<kv>" --query "properties.enableRbacAuthorization"
Detailed Reference
For complete implementation examples and architecture:
- references/architecture.md - CSI driver architecture
- references/examples.md - Real-world examples
- references/troubleshooting.md - Extended troubleshooting
Gotchas
- K8s Secret doesn't exist until a pod mounts the CSI volume:
secretObjects:syncing is lazy — no pod, no Secret. Apps that consume the Secret directly (without mounting the CSI volume themselves) will fail on first deploy until a sibling pod mounts first. - Workload Identity vs VM Managed Identity are different code paths:
useVMManagedIdentity: "true"reads from IMDS; Workload Identity needsusePodIdentity: "false"+useVMManagedIdentity: "false"+ serviceAccount annotations. Mixing flags silently falls back to wrong identity. - Key Vault names are case-sensitive in
objects:, K8s keys are not: Secret namedMyTokenin KV won't be found if you writemytokenin the SPC. The CSI logs say "secret not found" with no hint about casing. - RBAC vs Access Policy is per-vault, not per-tenant: Some vaults use access policies (
az keyvault set-policy), others use Azure RBAC (Key Vault Secrets Userrole). Checkproperties.enableRbacAuthorizationfirst — granting the wrong type returns 403 with identical error text. - TLS certs need two
objectTypeentries: Mounting a cert astls.crt+tls.keyrequiresobjectType: cert(public) ANDobjectType: secret(full PEM with private key) — both pointing to the same KV cert name. Missing one breaks Ingress TLS silently. - CSI rotation is opt-in and deploy-only by default: Secrets mounted into pods don't refresh when the KV value changes unless
--enable-secret-rotation=trueis set on the driver AND the pod is restarted. Long-lived pods serve stale secrets.