Process Mapper Skill
Systematic workflow for discovering, documenting, and analyzing processes. Implements user's SOP-first doctrine: "You can't automate what you can't see."
Core Philosophy
From user's work:
"When I sit with a person or team to start working through how they can work out where and how to apply AI into their job, I often like to start with a common task or value stream, and talk through—or more often than not, document—the SOP for that value stream."
Three truths:
- Shadow processes are real processes (what actually happens ≠ org chart)
- Tacit knowledge is documentable (capture decision points, not decision logic)
- Structure enables automation (visibility → AI opportunities)
Core Workflow
1. Diagnostic: Assess Current State
Determine SOP state:
Load references/discovery-methodology.md for framework
State 1: Fiction
- SOPs exist but nobody follows them
- Beautiful docs, zero usage
- Aspirational not actual
State 2: Nonexistent
- No documentation
- Tribal knowledge
- "Just ask Sarah"
State 3: Accurate
- Docs match reality
- Referenced regularly
- Updated when process changes
Action by state:
- Fiction → Archive and start fresh
- Nonexistent → Begin discovery (most common)
- Accurate → Use for automation analysis
2. Process Discovery Interview
If starting from State 2 (Nonexistent), conduct discovery:
Setup:
- Identify process owner (person who actually does this)
- Secure 45-90 minutes uninterrupted
- Frame: "Show me what actually happens, not what should happen"
- Get screen access to tools they use
Five-round interview sequence:
Load references/discovery-methodology.md for detailed questions. Brief framework:
Round 1: High-Level Flow - Get end-to-end sequence (5-10 major steps, trigger, endpoint, duration)
Round 2: Step Decomposition - Break into substeps (inputs, tools, transformations). Look for copy-paste, manual entry, system switching.
Round 3: Decision Points - Identify where judgment is required. Distinguish explicit rules from tacit judgment (labeled black box pattern).
Round 4: Edge Cases & Exceptions - Understand failure modes, workarounds, frequency. High exceptions = process might be wrong.
Round 5: Context Dependencies - Identify tacit knowledge (domain knowledge, institutional knowledge, relationships). Reveals automation tractability.
3. Process Documentation
Choose format based on process characteristics:
Format 1: Linear SOP (≤10 steps, minimal branching)
- Sequential steps with actions/tools/inputs
- Quality checks
- Common issues
Format 2: Decision Tree (multiple paths, branching logic)
- Entry conditions
- Path A/B/C with criteria
- Decision matrix
Format 3: Swimlane (multi-role, handoffs important)
- Who does what when
- Handoff points
- Role responsibilities
Format 4: Visual Diagram (complex flows)
- Mermaid flowchart
- System integrations
- Exception paths
Load assets/visual-templates.md for specific templates
Documentation principles:
- Capture actual current state (not aspirational)
- Mark tacit knowledge points with ⚡
- Note context dependencies with 🧠
- Flag frequent failures with ⚠️
- Include frequency/volume data
- Validate with process owner
4. Complexity Classification
Map each process step to Tractability Grid (9 zones):
Load references/automation-framework.md for full framework and detailed assessment criteria.
Two dimensions:
- Context Dependence: Low (algorithmic, no expertise) → High (tacit judgment, relationships)
- Task Complexity: Simple (≤5 steps, single system) → Complex (15+ steps, multiple systems)
Assessment questions: Could intern do this with instructions? How many steps/systems/decisions?
5. Automation Opportunity Analysis
Plot each step on 9-zone grid (see references/automation-framework.md for visual):
- Zones 1-2 (Green): High automation (85-75% success) - RPA, quick wins
- Zones 3-5 (Yellow): Medium (60-40%) - AI copilots, human-in-loop
- Zones 6-9 (Red): Low (<25%) - Avoid core automation, support tasks only
6. Prioritization & ROI
Priority quadrants (Pain × Feasibility):
- P1 - Quick Wins: High pain, easy (Zones 1-2) - Do immediately
- P2 - Strategic: High pain, hard (Zones 3-5) - Worth investment
- P3 - Efficiency: Low pain, easy - Do when capacity available
- P4 - Avoid: Low pain, hard (Zones 6-9) - Not worth effort
ROI: Payback Period = Cost / (Hours Saved × Rate + Error Reduction)
7. Output Delivery
Standard deliverables: Process Map (visual), SOP Document (written), Automation Analysis (zone classifications, priorities, ROI), Implementation Roadmap (phased plan)
Optional: Interview transcript, validation notes, comparative analysis, metrics dashboard
The Labeled Black Box Pattern
Critical technique: Document THAT a decision exists, not HOW it's made (when tacit).
Load references/documentation-patterns.md for detailed examples and template.
Core principle: Name decision points even when logic is tacit. Enables process visibility, appropriate handoffs, training focus, and future automation planning.
Movement Strategy
Key insight: Can't automate high-context zones directly. Build infrastructure to move problems to lower zones.
Load references/documentation-patterns.md for case study (Air India: Zone 8 → Zone 2, 97% accuracy).
Infrastructure path: Zone 8→5 (frameworks), Zone 5→2 (explicit logic), Zone 2→1 (eliminate manual steps)
Quality Signals
Good process map has:
- [ ] Actual current state (not aspirational)
- [ ] All decision points identified
- [ ] Tacit knowledge points marked (⚡)
- [ ] Context dependencies noted (🧠)
- [ ] Exception paths included
- [ ] Validated by process owner
- [ ] Frequency/volume data
- [ ] Pain points documented
- [ ] Clear start and end
- [ ] Realistic time estimates
Red flags:
- Too neat (probably fictional)
- No exceptions (incomplete)
- No pain points (not real discovery)
- No tacit knowledge points (missed shadow process)
- Can't estimate frequency (no data)
- Process owner says "that's not quite right"
Integration Points
With concept-forge:
- Test automation hypotheses dialectically
- Challenge zone classifications
- Refine through multiple perspectives
With strategy-to-artifact:
- Process map → Presentation deck
- Automation roadmap → Executive one-pager
- Business case → Slide deck
With research-to-essay:
- Process patterns → Substack post on SOP doctrine
- Case studies → Long-form analysis
With user's voice (from research-to-essay):
- Use dialogue structure in documentation
- Employ concrete examples (Air India vs Air Canada)
- Include practitioner stance ("In my experience...")
- Show recursive refinement ("Let me be more precise...")
Common Process Types
Approval Workflows: Zones 1-2 (rule-based) or 4-5 (judgment). High automation potential for rules.
Data Processing: Zones 1-3. Very high automation if algorithmic.
Customer Service: Zones 4-8. Medium automation (copilot model).
Reporting: Zones 1-3 (structured) or 5-7 (insights). High for gathering, medium for analysis.
Coordination: Zones 4-9 (relationship-dependent). Low for core, high for supporting tasks.
Anti-Patterns
Don't:
- Map aspirational process (document what actually happens)
- Skip validation with process owner (will be wrong)
- Try to capture tacit HOW (use labeled black box)
- Force Zone 8-9 into automation (will fail)
- Ignore shadow processes (they're the real process)
- Over-document (keep it actionable)
- Create one-time map (processes evolve, keep updated)
Do:
- Start with actual current state
- Validate iteratively
- Document decision points even when logic is tacit
- Acknowledge complexity honestly
- Focus on high-ROI opportunities
- Build movement infrastructure
- Update as process changes
Success Metrics
Process mapping succeeds when:
- Process owner says "Yes, that's exactly what we do"
- New team members can follow documented process
- Automation opportunities clearly identified
- ROI estimates are validated
- Quick wins deliver promised value
- Documentation is referenced regularly (not ignored)
Automation analysis succeeds when:
- Zone classifications match reality
- Prioritization aligns with business value
- Implementation follows plan
- Expected savings materialize
- User adoption high (not forced)
Example Triggers
- "Map our customer onboarding process"
- "Document how we handle support tickets"
- "Where can we apply AI to our workflow?"
- "Create SOP for expense approval"
- "Show me where automation makes sense"
- "Why does this process keep breaking?"
- "Help me understand what my team actually does"
- "Walk me through your typical day"