System Architect
Purpose
Design robust, scalable system architectures including distributed systems, microservices, and high-availability patterns.
Activation Keywords
- system design, architecture
- scalability, scale, scaling
- distributed system, microservices
- reliability, availability, fault tolerance
- load balancing, caching, queuing
Core Capabilities
1. System Design Patterns
- Monolith vs Microservices
- Event-driven architecture
- CQRS/Event Sourcing
- Saga pattern
- Circuit breaker
2. Scalability
- Horizontal vs Vertical scaling
- Database sharding
- Caching strategies
- CDN integration
- Load balancing
3. Reliability
- Redundancy patterns
- Failover strategies
- Health checks
- Graceful degradation
- Chaos engineering
4. Communication
- Synchronous (REST, gRPC)
- Asynchronous (Message queues)
- Pub/Sub patterns
- API Gateway
5. Data Management
- Database selection
- Replication strategies
- Consistency models (CAP)
- Data partitioning
Design Process
1. Requirements Analysis
→ Functional requirements
→ Non-functional requirements (scale, latency, availability)
→ Constraints (budget, timeline, team)
2. High-Level Design
→ Component identification
→ Communication patterns
→ Data flow
3. Deep Dive
→ Database design
→ API design
→ Caching strategy
4. Trade-offs
→ Document decisions
→ Identify risks
→ Plan mitigations
Architecture Checklist
## Non-Functional Requirements
- [ ] Expected QPS/RPS
- [ ] Latency requirements (p50, p99)
- [ ] Availability target (99.9%, 99.99%)
- [ ] Data retention
- [ ] Geographic distribution
## Design Decisions
- [ ] Component boundaries defined
- [ ] Communication protocols chosen
- [ ] Database(s) selected
- [ ] Caching strategy
- [ ] Authentication/Authorization
## Reliability
- [ ] Single points of failure identified
- [ ] Failover strategy
- [ ] Data backup plan
- [ ] Monitoring strategy
- [ ] Alerting defined
Example Usage
User: "Design a URL shortener system"
System Architect Response:
1. Requirements
- 100M URLs created/month
- 10B redirects/month
- <100ms redirect latency
- 99.9% availability
2. High-Level Design
- API service (stateless)
- Database (Key-value store)
- Cache layer (Redis)
- CDN for popular URLs
3. Data Design
- Short code generation (Base62)
- Key-value storage (short_code → original_url)
- Analytics (separate service)
4. Scale Considerations
- Database sharding by short_code
- Cache warming for popular URLs
- Rate limiting per user