Java Testing Skill Skill

Java Testing Skill

Write comprehensive tests for Java applications with modern testing practices.

Overview

This skill covers Java testing with JUnit 5, Mockito, AssertJ, and integration testing with Spring Boot Test and Testcontainers. Includes TDD patterns and test coverage strategies.

When to Use This Skill

Use when you need to:

Write unit tests with JUnit 5
Create mocks with Mockito
Build integration tests with Testcontainers
Implement TDD/BDD practices
Improve test coverage

Topics Covered

JUnit 5

@Test, @Nested, @DisplayName
@ParameterizedTest with sources
Lifecycle annotations
Extensions and custom annotations

Mockito

@Mock, @InjectMocks, @Spy
Stubbing (when/thenReturn)
Verification (verify, times)
BDD style (given/willReturn)

AssertJ

Fluent assertions
Collection assertions
Exception assertions
Custom assertions

Integration Testing

@SpringBootTest slices
Testcontainers setup
MockMvc for APIs
Database testing

Quick Reference

// Unit Test with Mockito
@ExtendWith(MockitoExtension.class)
class UserServiceTest {

    @Mock
    private UserRepository userRepository;

    @InjectMocks
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Should find user by ID")
    void shouldFindUserById() {
        // Given
        User user = new User(1L, "John");
        given(userRepository.findById(1L)).willReturn(Optional.of(user));

        // When
        Optional<User> result = userService.findById(1L);

        // Then
        assertThat(result)
            .isPresent()
            .hasValueSatisfying(u ->
                assertThat(u.getName()).isEqualTo("John"));
        then(userRepository).should().findById(1L);
    }
}

// Parameterized Test
@ParameterizedTest
@CsvSource({
    "valid@email.com, true",
    "invalid-email, false",
    "'', false"
})
void shouldValidateEmail(String email, boolean expected) {
    assertThat(validator.isValid(email)).isEqualTo(expected);
}

// Integration Test with Testcontainers
@Testcontainers
@SpringBootTest
class OrderRepositoryIT {

    @Container
    static PostgreSQLContainer<?> postgres =
        new PostgreSQLContainer<>("postgres:15");

    @DynamicPropertySource
    static void configure(DynamicPropertyRegistry registry) {
        registry.add("spring.datasource.url", postgres::getJdbcUrl);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.username", postgres::getUsername);
        registry.add("spring.datasource.password", postgres::getPassword);
    }

    @Autowired
    private OrderRepository repository;

    @Test
    void shouldPersistOrder() {
        Order saved = repository.save(new Order("item", 100.0));
        assertThat(saved.getId()).isNotNull();
    }
}

// API Test with MockMvc
@WebMvcTest(UserController.class)
class UserControllerTest {

    @Autowired
    private MockMvc mockMvc;

    @MockBean
    private UserService userService;

    @Test
    void shouldReturnUser() throws Exception {
        given(userService.findById(1L))
            .willReturn(Optional.of(new User(1L, "John")));

        mockMvc.perform(get("/api/users/1"))
            .andExpect(status().isOk())
            .andExpect(jsonPath("$.name").value("John"));
    }
}

Test Data Builders

public class UserTestBuilder {
    private Long id = 1L;
    private String name = "John Doe";
    private String email = "john@example.com";
    private boolean active = true;

    public static UserTestBuilder aUser() {
        return new UserTestBuilder();
    }

    public UserTestBuilder withName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
        return this;
    }

    public UserTestBuilder inactive() {
        this.active = false;
        return this;
    }

    public User build() {
        return new User(id, name, email, active);
    }
}

// Usage
User user = aUser().withName("Jane").inactive().build();

Coverage Goals

<!-- JaCoCo configuration -->
<configuration>
    <rules>
        <rule>
            <element>BUNDLE</element>
            <limits>
                <limit>
                    <counter>LINE</counter>
                    <value>COVEREDRATIO</value>
                    <minimum>0.80</minimum>
                </limit>
            </limits>
        </rule>
    </rules>
</configuration>

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

| Problem | Cause | Solution | |---------|-------|----------| | Mock not working | Missing @ExtendWith | Add MockitoExtension | | NPE in test | Mock not initialized | Check @InjectMocks | | Flaky test | Shared state | Isolate test data | | Context fails | Missing bean | Use @MockBean |

Debug Checklist

□ Run single test in isolation
□ Check mock setup matches invocation
□ Verify @BeforeEach setup
□ Review @Transactional boundaries
□ Check for shared mutable state

Usage

Skill("java-testing")

Related Skills

java-testing-advanced - Advanced patterns
java-spring-boot - Spring test slices

Agent Skills: Java Testing Skill

Skill Files