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Patent Navigator
Protect software work through strategic patent filings and defensive disclosure.
Core Strategies
1. Provisional Patent Application (PPA)
- Cost: ~$320 (micro entity)
- Duration: 12 months to file full patent
- Benefit: Establishes priority date, "Patent Pending" status
- Use case: Novel algorithms, architectures, methods in your repos
2. Defensive Publication (Open Source)
- Cost: Free (GitHub commits as prior art)
- Effect: Prevents others from patenting your work
- Platforms: arXiv, Zenodo, GitHub with clear timestamps
- Use case: When you want to keep it open, not exclusive
3. Trade Secret + Patent Hybrid (Proprietary)
- Trade secret: Keep implementation details private
- Patent: Protect the method/system publicly
- Use case: Proprietary software where you want both exclusivity and enforcement rights
4. Provisional → PCT → National Phase
- Timeline: 12mo (provisional) → 30mo (PCT) → national filings
- Cost: Escalates significantly at each phase
- Use case: International protection for high-value innovations
USPTO Requirements (2025)
Micro Entity Status
- < 4 prior patents
- < 3x median household income (~$250k)
- 80% fee reduction
Claims Structure
- Independent claims: Broadest protection
- Dependent claims: Fallback positions
- Method claims: Process/algorithm protection
- System claims: Implementation protection
Workflow by Context
Public Repos
1. Identify patentable subject matter
2. File provisional BEFORE public commit (or within 1-year grace)
3. Document: problem, solution, advantages, embodiments
4. Continue development openly
5. Within 12 months: decide full patent vs abandon
Private/Proprietary
1. Identify patentable subject matter
2. Assess: patent vs trade secret vs both
3. File provisional to lock priority date
4. Keep implementation as trade secret if desired
5. Patent claims cover method/system, not code
Prior Art Search
Before filing, search:
- USPTO Patent Full-Text (patents.google.com)
- arXiv, Semantic Scholar (academic prior art)
- GitHub code search (implementation prior art)
Key Dates (2025 USPTO Changes)
- IPR tightening: Harder to challenge granted patents
- Fee increases: File before rate changes
- AI inventorship: Still requires human inventor
SF Bay Area IP Firms
- Fenwick & West (tech-focused)
- Wilson Sonsini (startup-friendly)
- Knobbe Martens (patent prosecution)
- Fish & Richardson (litigation strength)
References
- 35 U.S.C. § 102 (Novelty)
- 35 U.S.C. § 103 (Non-obviousness)
- 35 U.S.C. § 112 (Written description)
- MPEP 2106 (Patent-eligible subject matter)